1.纽卡斯尔联队是不是一直在英超联赛.没有降级.
2.英超联赛英文介绍阿森纳
3.请教关于足球的专业术语释义及其该名词的英文
4.请介绍一下英超中的纽卡斯尔队的历史和有关资料。
5.英文英超介绍
纽卡斯尔联队是不是一直在英超联赛.没有降级.
没有降级
这是纽卡斯尔近10个赛季的排名情况：
Season Position P W D L F A Pts FA Cup
1993-94 3rd 42 23 8 11 82 41 77 Round 4
1994-95 6th 42 20 12 10 67 47 72 Quarter Final
1995-96 2nd 38 24 6 8 66 37 78 Round 3
1996- 2nd 38 19 11 8 73 40 68 Round 4
19-98 13th 38 11 11 16 35 44 44 Final
1998-99 13th 38 11 13 14 48 54 46 Final
1999-00 11th 38 14 10 14 63 54 52 Semi Final
2000-01 11th 38 14 9 15 44 50 51 Round 3
2001-02 4th 38 21 8 9 67 30 71 Quarter Final
2002-03 3rd 38 21 6 11 63 48 69 Round 3
2003-04 5th 38 13 17 8 52 40 56 Round 4
2004-05 14th 38 10 14 14 47 57 44 Semi Final
2005-06 7th 38 17 7 14 47 42 58 Quarter Final
英超联赛英文介绍阿森纳
Arsenal Football Club is a professional football club based in Holloway, London. The club play in the Premier League, the top flight of English football. One of the most successful clubs in English football, they he won 13 First Division and Premier League titles and a record 12 FA Cups.
Founded in 1886, Arsenal became the first club from the south of England to join the Football League in 1893. They won five League Championships and two FA Cups in the 1930s and became the second club to win the League and FA Cup Double in the 20th century in the 11. In the 1990s and 2000s, Arsenal won a Cup Double, two further League and FA Cup Doubles, went through the 2003–04 season undefeated and became the first London club to reach the UEFA Champions League Final.
The club's colours are traditionally red and white. Founded in Woolwich, south-east London, in 1913 they moved north across the city to Arsenal Stadiumin Highbury. In 2006, they moved to the Emirates Stadium in nearby Holloway. Arsenal contest the North London derby with rivals Tottenham Hotspur.
Arsenal has one of the highest incomes and largest fanbases in the world. The club was named the fifth most valuable association football club, valued at $1.3 billion, in 2014.
请教关于足球的专业术语释义及其该名词的英文
场地名称篇
field / pitch 足球场
midfield 中场
backfield 后场
kickoff circle / center circle 中圈
halfway line 中线
touchline / sideline 边线
goal line 球门线
end line 底线
penalty mark （点球）罚球点
penalty area 禁区（罚球区）
goal area 小禁区（球门区）
球队称谓篇
教练
head 主教练
football player 足球运动员
referee 裁判
lineman 巡边员
captain / leader 队长
forward / striker 前锋
midfielder 前卫
left midfielder 左前卫
right midfielder 右前卫
attacking midfielder 攻击型前卫（前腰）
defending midfielder 防守型前卫（后腰）
center forward 中锋
full back 后卫
center back 中后卫
left back 左后卫
right back 右后卫
sweeper 清道夫，拖后中卫
goalkeeper / goalie 守门员
cheer team 拉拉队
足球技术篇
kick-off 开球
bicycle kick / overhead kick 倒钩球
chest-high ball 半高球
corner ball / corner 角球
goal kick 球门球
handball 手球
header 头球
penalty kick 点球
place kick 定位球
own goal 乌龙球
hat-trick 帽子戏法
free kick 任意球
direct free kick 直接任意球
indirect free kick 间接任意球
stopping 停球
chesting 胸部停球
pass 传球
short pass 短传
long pass 长传
cross pass 横传
spot pass 球传到位
consecutive passes 连续传球
take a pass 接球
triangular pass 三角传球
flank pass 边线传球
log pass 高吊传球
volley pass 凌空传球
slide tackle 铲球
rolling pass / ground pass 地滚球
flying header 跳起顶球
clearance kick 解围
shoot 射门
close-range shot 近射
long shot 远射
offside 越位
throw-in 掷界外球
block tackle 正面抢截
body check 阻挡
fair charge 合理冲撞
diving header 鱼跃顶球
dribbling 盘球，带球
clean catching （守门员）接高球
finger-tip se （守门员）托救球
offside 越位
deceptive movement 动作
break through 突破
kick-out 踢出界
足球战术篇
set the pace 掌握进攻节奏
ward off an assault 击退一次攻势
break up an attack 破坏一次攻势
disorganize the defence 搅乱防守
total football 全攻全守足球战术
open football 拉开的足球战术
off-side trap 越位战术
wing play 边锋战术
time wasting tactics 拖延战术
4-3-3 formation 433阵型
4-4-2 formation 442阵型
beat the offside trap 反越位成功
foul 犯规
technical foul 技术犯规
break loose 摆脱
control the midfield 控制中场
set a wall 筑人墙
close-marking defence 盯人防守
比赛方式篇
half-time interval 中场休息
round robin 循环赛
group round robin 小组循环赛
extra time 加时赛
elimination match 淘汰赛
injury time 伤停补时
golden goal / sudden death 金球制，突然死亡法
eighth-final 八分之一决赛
quarterfinal 四分之一决赛
semi-final 半决赛
final match 决赛
preliminary match 预赛
one-sided game 一边倒的比赛
competition regulations 比赛条例
disqualification 取消比赛资格
match ban 禁赛命令
doping test 药检
draw / sortition 抽签
send a player off 判罚出场
red card 红牌
yellow card 黄牌
goal 球门，进球数
draw 平局
goal drought 进球荒
ranking 排名（名次）
请介绍一下英超中的纽卡斯尔队的历史和有关资料。
球队名称：纽卡斯尔联队
**简称：纽卡斯
粤语名称：纽卡素
英文名称：Newcastle U.
成立时间：1881-1-1
所在城市：纽卡斯尔
主 球 场：
球队领队：
主 教 练：鲍比·罗布森
联系地址：Saint James' Park， GB- NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE NE1 4ST
官方网址：://.nufc.co.uk/
电子信箱：webmaster@nufc.co.uk
球队概况
主队服：黑白色上衣，白色短裤。
吉祥物：喜鹊
纽卡斯尔联队是英格兰一支声名显赫的老牌劲旅，它不仅在英国而且在整个欧洲大陆都是成立最早的足球俱乐部之一。一百多年前，即1881年，位于英格兰东北部的工业重镇纽卡斯尔西区足球队和东区足球队合并在一起，成立了如今在世界足坛闻名遐迩的纽卡斯尔联队。不过在那个时候，它还只是支由足球爱好者组成的业余球队，直到1889年纽卡斯尔联队才成为一支专业球队，1893年加入英格兰足总，并于当年参加了英格兰乙级联赛。在乙级联赛中经过五年磨炼后，纽卡斯尔联队昂首杀入甲级圈行列。
长处：如果阿兰·希勒、邓肯·弗格森能够表现出球迷们期待的出色状态，该队的冲击力将让任何对手胆寒；该队花费重金引进的两个后卫队员高玛和马塞里诺则将充分加强原本漏洞百出的后防线。
缺陷：该队半数以上的球员是泛泛之辈，其中大多数都是古利特的前任肯尼·达哥利什贪图便宜买下的，这说明达哥利什的建队宗旨是数量于质量——古利特已经成为这一宗旨的受害者——由此引来的不良后果如今只能由鲍比·罗布森慢慢消化了。
联赛进球最多一场比赛：1946年10月对纽波特队，入13球。
足总杯进球最多一场比赛：1932年2月对博特队，入9球。
历史上最大一次输球：1895年4月0∶9负于博尔顿流浪者
回答者：qq01144 - 试用期 一级 12-13 13:15
去官方网站上找
球队名称：纽卡斯尔联队
**简称：纽卡斯
粤语名称：纽卡素
英文名称：Newcastle U.
成立时间：1881-1-1
所在城市：纽卡斯尔
主 球 场：
球队领队：
主 教 练：鲍比·罗布森
联系地址：Saint James' Park， GB- NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE NE1 4ST
官方网址：://.nufc.co.uk/
电子信箱：webmaster@nufc.co.uk
球队概况
主队服：黑白色上衣，白色短裤。
吉祥物：喜鹊
纽卡斯尔联队是英格兰一支声名显赫的老牌劲旅，它不仅在英国而且在整个欧洲大陆都是成立最早的足球俱乐部之一。一百多年前，即1881年，位于英格兰东北部的工业重镇纽卡斯尔西区足球队和东区足球队合并在一起，成立了如今在世界足坛闻名遐迩的纽卡斯尔联队。不过在那个时候，它还只是支由足球爱好者组成的业余球队，直到1889年纽卡斯尔联队才成为一支专业球队，1893年加入英格兰足总，并于当年参加了英格兰乙级联赛。在乙级联赛中经过五年磨炼后，纽卡斯尔联队昂首杀入甲级圈行列。
长处：如果阿兰·希勒、邓肯·弗格森能够表现出球迷们期待的出色状态，该队的冲击力将让任何对手胆寒；该队花费重金引进的两个后卫队员高玛和马塞里诺则将充分加强原本漏洞百出的后防线。
缺陷：该队半数以上的球员是泛泛之辈，其中大多数都是古利特的前任肯尼·达哥利什贪图便宜买下的，这说明达哥利什的建队宗旨是数量于质量——古利特已经成为这一宗旨的受害者——由此引来的不良后果如今只能由鲍比·罗布森慢慢消化了。
联赛进球最多一场比赛：1946年10月对纽波特队，入13球。
足总杯进球最多一场比赛：1932年2月对博特队，入9球。
历史上最大一次输球：1895年4月0∶9负于博尔顿流浪者
主队服：黑白色上衣，白色短裤。
1905年一举夺得联赛冠军，随后又于1907年、1909年两夺联赛冠军，1910年夺得足总杯冠军，加上1902年的联赛第三名，1904年、1906年、1908年的联赛第四名
://post.baidu/f?kz=38577148 这里有介绍
球队历史的荣誉：
First Division / Premier League
Champions - 1905, 1907, 1909, 1927
Runners-up - 1996, 19
Second Division / Division One
Champions - 1965, 1993
Runners-up - 1898, 1948
FA Cup
Winners - 1910, 1924, 1932, 1951, 1952, 1955
Finalists - 1905, 1906, 1908, 1911, 14, 1998, 1999
League Cup
Finalists - 16
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
Winners - 1969
Texaco Cup
Winners - 14, 15
Anglo-Italian Cup
Winners - 13
UEFA Intertoto Cup
Winners - 2006
Finalists - 2001
历任教练
Name Nat From To Record
P W D L
Glenn Roeder 2 February 2006 Present 34 20 5 9
Graeme Souness 13 September 2004 2 February 2006 87 39 19 29
John Carver (Caretaker) 11 September 2004 13 September 2004 1 1 0 0
Bobby Robson September 1999 August 30 2004 255 119 64 72
Steve Clarke (Caretaker) September 1999 September 1999 1 0 0 1
Ruud Gullit 1998 1999 52 18 14 20
Kenny Dalglish 19 1998 78 30 26 22
Terry McDermott (Caretaker) 19 19 1 0 1 0
Kevin Keegan 1992 19 251 138 52 62
Ossie Ardiles 1991 1992 47 10 18 19
Jim Smith 1988 1991 121 44 38 39
Colin Suggett (Caretaker) 1988 1988 5 0 2 3
Willie McFaul 1985 1988 140 47 39 54
Jack Charlton 1985 48 15 15 18
Arthur Cox 1980 169 76 42 51
Bill McGarry 17 1980 118 37 33 48
Richard Dinnis 17 17 40 12 10 18
Gordon Lee 15 17 74 28 20 26
Joe Harvey 1962 15 591 224 52 215
Norman Smith 1961 1962 35 12 8 15
Charlie Mitten 1958 1961 145 53 28 64
Doug Livingstone 1954 1956 99 43 20 36
George Martin 1947 1950 155 76 40 39
Stan Seymour 1939 1958 338 130 74 134
Tom Mather 1935 1939 179 78 32 69
Andy Cunningham 1930 1935 251 105 45 101
队名 纽卡斯尔联队（Newcastle United）
粤语名称：纽卡素
所属国家 英格兰（England）
所在城市 纽卡斯尔
官方网站 .newcastle-utd.co.uk/nufc
建立年份 1881-1-1
赛场名 圣詹姆斯公园体育场（Saint James' Park）
赛场容量 35425
通信地址 Saint James' Park, GB- NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE NE1 4ST
电话 0044-91-2328361
传真 0044-91-2329875
主队服：黑白色上衣，白色短裤。
吉祥物：喜鹊
俱乐部荣誉：
顶级联赛冠军 1904-05, 1906-07, 1908-09, 1926-27
慈善盾冠军 1909
足总杯冠军 1910, 1924, 1932, 1951, 1952, 1955
联赛进球最多一场比赛：1946年10月对纽波特队，入13球。
足总杯进球最多一场比赛：1932年2月对博特队，入9球。
历史上最大一次输球：1895年4月0∶9负于博尔顿流浪者队
1892年，当时誓不两立的两支球队--纽卡斯尔东区队和西区队不可思议的宣告合并，成立了现在的纽卡斯尔联队。
在第一次世界大战之前，纽卡斯尔联队一直是英格兰的劲旅，在1914年前曾三次夺得联赛冠军和一次足总杯冠军。50年代，复兴后的纽卡斯尔又三次夺取足总杯，极大的提升了在英国球迷中的人气。不过在后来的几十年中，纽卡斯尔难现昔日的辉煌，在低级别联赛中起起伏伏。
1992年，基冈的上任改变了历史，他率领球队冲上了顶级联赛，纽卡斯尔也从此成为了英格兰足坛不可忽视的力量。1999年俱乐部任命博比罗布森出任主教练，在上两个赛季连续打入了英超联赛的四强.
这是纽卡斯尔近10个赛季的排名情况：
Season Position P W D L F A Pts FA Cup
1993-94 3rd 42 23 8 11 82 41 77 Round 4
1994-95 6th 42 20 12 10 67 47 72 Quarter Final
1995-96 2nd 38 24 6 8 66 37 78 Round 3
1996- 2nd 38 19 11 8 73 40 68 Round 4
19-98 13th 38 11 11 16 35 44 44 Final
1998-99 13th 38 11 13 14 48 54 46 Final
1999-00 11th 38 14 10 14 63 54 52 Semi Final
2000-01 11th 38 14 9 15 44 50 51 Round 3
2001-02 4th 38 21 8 9 67 30 71 Quarter Final
2002-03 3rd 38 21 6 11 63 48 69 Round 3
2003-04 5th 38 13 17 8 52 40 56 Round 4
2004-05 14th 38 10 14 14 47 57 44 Semi Final
2005-06 7th 38 17 7 14 47 42 58 Quarter Final
喜鹊———Magpies(纽卡斯尔)
在英超球队中，有不少都是因为自己球队的吉祥物而被确定了“绰号”，比如纽卡的吉祥物就是喜鹊。而且纽卡的传统队服也一直是黑白两色，这也是因为喜鹊的羽毛也正好是这两种颜色。
欧文，原国米的马丁斯都在纽卡斯尔
还有，已经宣布退役的前英格兰国家队前锋希勒也在纽卡斯尔
英文英超介绍
Name:Barclays Premier League
Teams(now):
Chelsea
Man Utd
Liv'pool
Tot'ham
Arsenal
Blackb'n
West Ham
Bolton
N'castle
Wigan Athletic
Everton
Charlton
Man City
M'brough
Fulham
Aston Villa
Portsm'h
Birm'ham
West Brom
Sun'land
The Barclays Premiership is widely regarded as the elite club competition in world football and is the flagship of the game's governing body in England - the Football Association
THE HISTORY OF THE F.A. PREMIER LEUE
The FA Premier League was formed on 20 February 1992 and took over as the top professional league from season 1992-93. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated until then with four divisions.
A number of events during the mid and late eighties had sent clear signals that fundamental changes were needed to the structure of professional football.
On 11 May 1985 56 fans lost their lives when fire broke out at Bradford City's ground. Later that season, on 29 May, the European Cup final between Liverpool and Juventus saw the Heysel disaster. Violence broke out between rival supporters, which led to the deaths of 39 fans and resulted in a five-year blanket ban on English clubs in European football. Disaster also struck in April 1989 when 96 football fans were killed and over 150 seriously injured at Sheffield Wednesday's ground, Hillsborough, as they became crushed on an overcrowded terrace at the FA Cup semi final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest.
The English game was at possibly its lowest ebb. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters were faced with poor facilities, hooliganism was rife and English football was exiled from European competition. The old First Division became a selling League as many top players were lured by the financial attractions of the Continent.
Following Hillsborough, Lord Justice Taylor recommended a huge programme of investment in order to make football grounds safe and comfortable environments for supporters and to help eliminate crowd disorder problems of the past. One of the key elements of the Report was the introduction of an all-seater policy at designated football grounds.
Football’s image had been severely tarnished and the English game was suffering from an acute lack of investment. By 1992 Clubs were facing huge costs, as the scale of meeting the recommendations of the Taylor report became arent. In addition many top Clubs voiced growing concerns over their inability to compete for the top players in the transfer market and bridge the gap with European clubs who had advanced considerably during the English Clubs' enforced exile from European competition.
A radical restructuring of the game was required if English football was to prosper.
A proposal for the establishment of the League was tabled that would bring more money into the game overall. The Founder Members Agreement, signed on 17th July 1991 by the game’s top-flight clubs established the basic principles for setting up the F.A. Premier League.
The newly formed top division would he commercial independence from the Football Association and the Football League, giving the F.A. Premier League license to negotiate its own broadcast and sponsorship agreements.
In 1992 the First Division Clubs resigned from the Football league en masse and on the 27th May 1992 the F.A. Premier League was formed as a limited company, which worked out of an office at the then Football Association’s headquarters, Lancaster Gate.
From the outset of the F.A. Premier League there was a commitment to reduce the league from twenty-two clubs to twenty, reflecting the collective will to the development of excellence in the game at club and international level. This change was made at the end of the 1994-95 season.
The first matches kicked off on Saturday 15th August 1992 and when Brian Deane scored the first ever F.A. Premier League goal few could he imagined that the competition would come so far in such a short period time. One of the major factors in this rapid development was the F.A. Premier League’s relationship with television.
Television has played a major role in the history of the F.A. Premier League. The money from TV deals has been vital in helping to create excellence both on and off the field. The initial decision to go with Sky was, again, a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was a relatively untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live televised football. However a combination of Sky’s marketing strategy, the quality of the F.A. Premier League football and the public’s etite for the game has seen the value of the F.A. Premier League’s broadcast rights soar and delivered huge benefits to the game.
The first Sky television agreement was worth ?191 million over five seasons. The next contract, negotiated to start from the 19/98 season, rose to ?670 million over four seasons. The Premier League’s current ?1.024 billion deal with BSkyB runs over the course of three seasons from August 2004.
The money generated from the broadcast and sponsorship deals has helped transform the F.A. Premier League into the best domestic league competition in the world. Club's stadia and facilities in the 1980’s were often said to be more akin to those of the 1880’s. Fans watched as their Clubs invested over ?1 billion transforming their grounds, making their stadia the envy of Europe.
Attracted by rising standards the likes of Jurgen Klinnsmann, Gianfranco Zola and Gianluca Vialli were soon earing at top-flight grounds.
The F.A. Premier League continues to attract the world’s finest players. There are now over 250 foreign players in the Barclays Premiership. An indication of their quality is the fact that 101 stars from England’s domestic leagues competed in the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan.
In addition to attracting top overseas stars foreign es also started plying their trade in the F.A. Premier League. The likes of Ruud Gullit, Arsene Wenger and Gerrard Houllier introduced ing techniques and practices that he served to benefit all aspects of the game.
The cosmopolitan makeup of the F.A. Premier League, as well as the exciting style of play, has contributed to the league’s growing international popularity. Overseas television coverage has also grown to such a level that matches are now seen in over 195 countries to a home reach of 450 million people worldwide.
The F.A. Premier League’s top teams were now competing in Europe with notable successes for Manchester United (Champions League 1999), Arsenal (Cup Winners' Cup 1994), Chelsea (Cup Winners' Cup 1998) and Liverpool (UEFA Cup 2001). In the 2004/05 season the Premier League had a total of six Clubs involved in European competition – Arsenal, Chelsea, Manchester United, Liverpool, Newcastle and Middlesbrough.
The will to pursue excellence at all levels can be seen through the creation of the F.A. Premier League Academy structure. Developed in tandem with the Football Association’s ‘Charter for Quality’ it was launched in 1998. This investment in skills and facilities will help create the Premiership and international footballers of the future. Already some of the graduates of the academy system are performing star roles in the Barclays Premiership, such as Joe Cole and Damien Duff, and it is hoped that the establishment of the Barclays Premiership Reserve League will help assist the development of Academy players to the first-team.
The F.A. Premier League’s ?20 million investment in the Football Foundation in partnership with , Sport England and the Football Association will help ensure that the grassroots of the game receive the necessary funding where it is required most. Through the Foundation a new generation of modern football facilities in parks, local leagues and schools is being put in place, as well as providing capital and revenue support.
The last 11 years has seen great improvements in the relationship between Clubs and their supporters. Acting upon the recommendations of the Football Task Force the Premier League has overseen the introduction of Club Customer Charters to ensure fans get a fair deal from their Club. The F.A. Premier League also commissions an annual fan survey and oversees Club supporter panels in order that supporter’s views are aired at every level.
The history of the F.A. Premier League is one of setting standards for others to follow both on and off the field. Together with the Clubs new ideas are constantly being discussed and implemented to help maintain the F.A. Premier League as the leading domestic league competition. The 2001/02 season saw the introduction of ‘professional’ referees. Under the stewardship of Keith Hackett the Select Group are committed to increasing standards of consistency, decision making and fitness for the good of the game and the competition.
The F.A. Premier League, in partnership with the Clubs, is formulating a comprehensive corporate social responsibility programme. Using the motivational, educational and community based attributes intrinsic to football to work with society’s young and disadvantaged. Our work with the Prince’s Trust, Football Aid, Kick it Out and departments helps thousands of people every year.
Twelve years after its formation, the F.A. Premier League has confirmed its position as the world’s best domestic league competition. Over 10,000 goals he been scored and almost 150 million people he passed through the turnstiles, with erage attendances rising to an all-time high of 34,445 in 2002-3, some 68% up from the inaugural season.
Undouedly the most successful team in the history of the F.A. Premier League has been Manchester United with eight titles out of the 12 – a magnificent achievement and testament to the managerial skills of Sir Alex Ferguson. However there he been many great teams, players and moments: Blackburn Rovers return to the big time with Jack Walker’s millions, Kenny Dalglish’s guidance and Alan Shearer’s goals; Newcastle United, dubbed ‘the entertainers’ under Kevin Keegan; two stylish doubles for Arsenal under Arsene Wenger; Liverpool’s re-emergence and a five-cup haul under the passionate and determined Gerrard Houllier. What is certain is that during the course of a Premier League season many stories unfold. Each year the competition has produced twists and turns at both ends of the table. Indeed, the race for the title in 1995-96 was so close, Wembley Stadium had been booked on Thursday 16th May and tickets printed for a one-off title decider between Manchester United and Newcastle United.
The 2001/02 season saw the F.A. Premier League end its nine-year association with Carling to start a new partnership with Barclaycard.
The first season of the Barclaycard Premiership saw possibly the most interesting and exciting title race in the history of the F.A. Premier League. Arsenal – unbeaten away all season, unbeaten home and away since Christmas and scoring in every game – were crowned Champions with only one game to go after being pushed all the way by Liverpool, Manchester United and Newcastle.
The second season of the Barclaycard Premiership matched the first for excitement and tension in the title race. Manchester United launched a superb run which saw them end the season with an 18-match unbeaten streak of 15 wins and three draws, collecting 48 points from a possible 54 to overhaul reigning champions Arsenal in the closing stages of the campaign. Newcastle and Chelsea were also in contention and secured deserved Champions League places. Former champions Blackburn ended the season with a flourish to secure a UEFA Cup place alongside Liverpool and defeated FA Cup finalists Southampton.
And the third season saw history made, with champions Arsenal going through the entire 38-game campaign unbeaten, as part of their 49-match record-breaking undefeated league run.
The 2004/05 season saw Barclays take over as the title sponsor and the emergence of a new force in the top division, with Chelsea becoming the fourth club to lift the title with a record haul of 95 points from their 38 games - 12 points clear of second-placed Arsenal.
The following year saw Wigan Athletic become the 39th member of the Premier League as they gained promotion alongside Sunderland and West Ham United.
REFEREES IN THE PREMIER LEUE
With the advent of professional referees in 2001, the Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL) was formed to provide match officials for all professional football matches played in England.
The Board is made up of the chief executives of the Football Association, the FA Premier League and the Football League.
The General Manager (Keith Hackett), National Group Manager (Jim Ashworth) and FA Referee Manager (Joe Guest) work to maintain and improve standards of refereeing in England and report to the Board on a monthly basis.
The General Manager is responsible for the training, development and monitoring of an elite group of 19 Referees and 38 Assistant Referees who will work together come match day.
Hackett also decides which referees will officiate at Barclays Premiership matches, selected Football League matches and consults with the Football Association over FA Cup/UEFA ointments.
The top-flight referees are continually monitored at games and attend fortnightly meetings in which, amongst other matters, their performances, via the use of ProZone, are evaluated.
The PGMOL has employed Matt Weston on a full time basis as its Sports Scientist to work with the match officials in designing intensive training sessions to help maintain and build performance levels.
The PGMOL is sponsored by Emirates Airline whose investment will result in significant investment in the training and development of officials at all levels of the game.
